2 Corinthians 1 (WEB)

Corinth·City

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City of Corinth

Site Study | Hershel Wayne House

City of Corinth 
Corinth was an important city in ancient Greece.  Geographically it was an ideal hub for facilitating commerce and exchange between Italy and Asia.  The city served as the overlord of two harbors as it sat on the narrow isthmus that joins northern and southern Greece.  This strip of land, approximately five miles wide, was flanked by the Saronic Gulf to the east and the Gulf of Corinth to the west.  Mariners who sought to avoid the potentially dangerous journey around the Cape of Malea would have their cargoes unloaded and transported across land and then reloaded to other ships, or, provided that the ship's size was accommodating, the entire ship was dragged across the isthmus.  The Acrocorinth, a mountain to the south of the city, made an excellent lookout for controlling the overland commercial traffic. 
Corinth was ransacked by the Roman general Lucius Mummius in revenge for an anti-Roman uprising in 146 B.C.  Mummius eradicated the male population and sold the females into slavery.  Though the attack was devastating, the strategic location of Corinth necessitated its revival.  After one hundred years of dormancy, the city was rebuilt in 46 B.C. under the orchestration of Julius Caesar.  The location of Corinth gave the already mighty Romans the added advantage of control over east-west commerce as well as the Isthmian Games (9:24-27), which were outranked in magnitude only by the celebrated Olympic Games.  Although the Roman culture had been thoroughly Hellenized, the politics were unquestionably Roman.  The official language was Latin; however, it is likely that the language of the common people was Greek.  According to Strabo, Corinth  was a convenient way for Rome to rid itself of persons whose status was only a step above a slave.  For the freed slave, Corinth meant an opportunity to improve his socioeconomic standing.  The overland shipping of goods made Corinth an international center of mercantile trade.  Along with the flow of merchandise, Corinth received an influx of travelers from both east and west creating ethnic diversity.  These factors contributed to a population that burgeoned to 650,000 at Corinth's peak.  They also produced a city with a strategic location for spreading the gospel around the world. 
Corinth's commercial acclaim was rivaled only by its decadence.  The cosmopolitan center flourished in every type of ignoble deed imaginable, and some unimaginable.  So pungent was the immorality of Corinth that Aristophanes (ca. 450-385 B.C.) coined the verb korinthiazoamai (to act like a Corinthian) as a synonym for committing sexual immorality.  The Corinthians drew attention to their lascivious lifestyle through the worship of Aphrodite, the goddess of love and beauty.  The Temple of Aphrodite was situated high upon the Acrocorinth and employed one thousand priestess-prostitutes.  Greek plays of the day often depicted Corinthians as drunkards and reprobates.  Corinth stood as a monument erected to depravity. 
Corinth was crucial for the propagation of the gospel.  Its strategic location made it a doorway to the rest of the world.  Its corrupt nature made it a center of need for salvation and a unique opportunity to display to the world the transforming power of Jesus Christ the Savior.

The City of Corinth

Site Study | Hershel Wayne House

The city of Corinth is known to anyone who has read through the New Testament. Paul wrote two lengthy letters to the church that resided there and spent about 18 months in the city. It  was a major city within Achaia (Greece), located south of the Isthmus. The games at Corinth were a rival to those of Olympia in northern Greece, the remains of these sports may still be found. Also at Corinth was the temple of Apollo and on the AcroCorinth was the famous temple to Aphrodite (Venus), with its cadre of vestal virgins that serviced the sailors that came through and the men in nearby cities for “worship” of the goddess. The immorality of the city gave rise to some of Paul’s teaching about purity in marriage and teaching against sexual immorality.

The major temple at Corinth was probably that to Apollo, god of wisdom, prophecy, and revelation. Near to Corinth, in the mountains, resided the famous site of Delphi, where the prophetess of Apollo (Oracle of Delphi), “told the future” to people at large, and even to generals and kings.

Jewish Synagogue at Corinth

Site Study | Hershel Wayne House | Corinth

In 1988, archaeologists from the American School of Classical Studies working in Corinth found a stone door lintel with the (damaged) inscription translated: “[Syna]gogue of the Hebr[ews].”1 Although the synagogue itself has not been found and the lintel has been dated from the second through fifth centuries, the inscription does show that there was a synagogue in Corinth, confirming the account in Acts of Paul reasoning with the Jews there.


  1. Clyde E. Fant, Lost Treasures of the Bible: Understanding the Bible Through Archaeological Artifacts in World Museums, (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdman’s, 2008), 361. ↩︎

Person & place data: Theographic Bible Metadata by Robert Rouse (Viz.Bible), CC BY-SA 4.0.
2 Corinthians 1 (WEB)

1Paul, an apostle of Christ Jesus through the will of God, and Timothy our brother, to the assembly of God which is at Corinth, with all the saints who are in the whole of Achaia: 2Grace to you and peace from God our Father and the Lord Jesus Christ.

3Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, the Father of mercies and God of all comfort, 4who comforts us in all our affliction, that we may be able to comfort those who are in any affliction, through the comfort with which we ourselves are comforted by God. 5For as the sufferings of Christ abound to us, even so our comfort also abounds through Christ. 6But if we are afflicted, it is for your comfort and salvation. If we are comforted, it is for your comfort, which produces in you the patient enduring of the same sufferings which we also suffer. 7Our hope for you is steadfast, knowing that, since you are partakers of the sufferings, so you are also of the comfort.

8For we don’t desire to have you uninformed, brothers, concerning our affliction which happened to us in Asia: that we were weighed down exceedingly, beyond our power, so much that we despaired even of life. 9Yes, we ourselves have had the sentence of death within ourselves, that we should not trust in ourselves, but in God who raises the dead, 10who delivered us out of so great a death, and does deliver, on whom we have set our hope that he will also still deliver us, 11you also helping together on our behalf by your supplication; that, for the gift given to us by means of many, thanks may be given by many persons on your behalf.

12For our boasting is this: the testimony of our conscience that in holiness and sincerity of God, not in fleshly wisdom but in the grace of God, we behaved ourselves in the world, and more abundantly toward you. 13For we write no other things to you than what you read or even acknowledge, and I hope you will acknowledge to the end— 14as also you acknowledged us in part—that we are your boasting, even as you also are ours, in the day of our Lord Jesus.

15In this confidence, I was determined to come first to you, that you might have a second benefit, 16and by you to pass into Macedonia, and again from Macedonia to come to you, and to be sent forward by you on my journey to Judea. 17When I therefore planned this, did I show fickleness? Or the things that I plan, do I plan according to the flesh, that with me there should be the “Yes, yes” and the “No, no?” 18But as God is faithful, our word toward you was not “Yes and no.” 19For the Son of God, Jesus Christ, who was preached among you by us—by me, Silvanus, and Timothy—was not “Yes and no,” but in him is “Yes.” 20For however many are the promises of God, in him is the “Yes.” Therefore also through him is the “Amen”, to the glory of God through us.

21Now he who establishes us with you in Christ and anointed us is God, 22who also sealed us and gave us the down payment of the Spirit in our hearts.

23But I call God for a witness to my soul, that to spare you, I didn’t come to Corinth. 24We don’t control your faith, but are fellow workers with you for your joy. For you stand firm in faith.

Corinth