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1“Say to your brothers, ‘My people!’

and to your sisters, ‘My loved one!’

2Contend with your mother!

Contend, for she is not my wife,

neither am I her husband;

and let her put away her prostitution from her face,

and her adulteries from between her breasts;

3lest I strip her naked,

and make her bare as in the day that she was born,

and make her like a wilderness,

and set her like a dry land,

and kill her with thirst.

4Indeed, on her children I will have no mercy,

for they are children of unfaithfulness.

5For their mother has played the prostitute.

She who conceived them has done shamefully;

for she said, ‘I will go after my lovers,

who give me my bread and my water,

my wool and my flax,

my oil and my drink.’

6Therefore behold, I will hedge up your way with thorns,

and I will build a wall against her,

that she can’t find her way.

7She will follow after her lovers,

but she won’t overtake them;

and she will seek them,

but won’t find them.

Then she will say, ‘I will go and return to my first husband,

for then it was better with me than now.’

8For she didn’t know that I gave her the grain, the new wine, and the oil,

and multiplied to her silver and gold, which they used for Baal.

9Therefore I will take back my grain in its time,

and my new wine in its season,

and will pluck away my wool and my flax which should have covered her nakedness.

10Now I will uncover her lewdness in the sight of her lovers,

and no one will deliver her out of my hand.

11I will also cause all her celebrations to cease:

her feasts, her new moons, her Sabbaths, and all her solemn assemblies.

12I will lay waste her vines and her fig trees,

about which she has said, ‘These are my wages that my lovers have given me,’

and I will make them a forest,

and the animals of the field shall eat them.

13I will visit on her the days of the Baals,

to which she burned incense

when she decked herself with her earrings and her jewels,

and went after her lovers

and forgot me,” says Yahweh.

14“Therefore behold, I will allure her,

and bring her into the wilderness,

and speak tenderly to her.

15I will give her vineyards from there,

and the valley of Achor for a door of hope;

and she will respond there

as in the days of her youth,

and as in the day when she came up out of the land of Egypt.

16It will be in that day,” says Yahweh,

“that you will call me ‘my husband,’

and no longer call me ‘my master.’

17For I will take away the names of the Baals out of her mouth,

and they will no longer be mentioned by name.

18In that day I will make a covenant for them with the animals of the field,

and with the birds of the sky,

and with the creeping things of the ground.

I will break the bow, the sword, and the battle out of the land,

and will make them lie down safely.

19I will betroth you to me forever.

Yes, I will betroth you to me in righteousness, in justice, in loving kindness, and in compassion.

20I will even betroth you to me in faithfulness;

and you shall know Yahweh.

21It will happen in that day, that I will respond,” says Yahweh.

“I will respond to the heavens,

and they will respond to the earth;

22and the earth will respond to the grain, and the new wine, and the oil;

and they will respond to Jezreel.

23I will sow her to me in the earth;

and I will have mercy on her who had not obtained mercy;

and I will tell those who were not my people, ‘You are my people;’

and they will say, ‘You are My God!’”

Valley of Jezreel

Valley of Jezreel

Site Study | Brian Kvasnica | Valley of Jezreel, in the Galilee

The Jezreel Valley is the triangular breadbasket of the Land of Israel, stretching about 20 miles on each of its three sides.  Even its name means “God sows,” something that Hosea 1:11 and 2:21-23 uses for a play on words.  While Jezreel was allotted to Issachar (Josh 19:18) in the lower Galilee region, it was not able to be taken until the time of Saul and David; and thus the valley is likely to be equated with “Horoshet HaGoim”—the Plowed Fields of the Gentiles, in this time, mainly the Egyptians (see Rainey and Notley, The Sacred Bridge, pp. 150-151).  This fertile valley shares the name Jezreel with the town Jezreel, now known as Zerin (Arabic) or Tel Yizreel (Hebrew).  Since Jezreel the city is not mentioned before the Israelite period, it seems likely to be founded by the Israelites.  The Jezreel Valley is also known as the Esdraelon Valley in the Greek version of the Hebrew Bible, and on the west side of the Valley is HarMegdon, more commonly known as Armageddon (Revelation 16:16). 

Saul and the Israelite army camped at a spring near Jezreel against the Philistines (1 Sam 29:1).  Under Solomon, Jezreel is part of the border of the fifth district of the kingdom (1 Kgs 4:12).  Under Ahab (9th century b.c.), Jezreel had become the winter capital of the Israelite kingdom and we hear about Naboth’s vineyard in Jezreel beside the palace of Ahab, King of Samaria, in 1 Kgs 21:1. The Usurper King Jehu had a famous chariot ride from Ramot Gilead (in Jordan) and then killed both kings of Israel and Judah as well as Jezebel who was thrown out of an upper story palace window (2 Kgs 9:32).  Previously Elijah had run before Ahab’s chariot when he returned to his palace in Jezreel (1 Kgs 18:46).  It may be that Jesus’ healing of the ten lepers took place near Jezreel as Luke 17:11-19 reports that he was passing “between Samaria and Galilee.” [footnote: See H.G.M. Williamson, “Jezreel in the Biblical Texts, Tel Aviv 18 (1991):72-92; and subsequent reports in Tel Aviv.]

Tel Jezreel was excavated by David Ussishkin and John Woodhead, but unfortunately almost nothing was preserved for posterity.  Thankfully, with the few stones left and the overview of the Jezreel and Harod Valleys, one can still be greatly helped in reimagining the Biblical stories.