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1When you sit to eat with a ruler,

consider diligently what is before you;

2put a knife to your throat

if you are a man given to appetite.

3Don’t be desirous of his dainties,

since they are deceitful food.

4Don’t weary yourself to be rich.

In your wisdom, show restraint.

5Why do you set your eyes on that which is not?

For it certainly sprouts wings like an eagle and flies in the sky.

6Don’t eat the food of him who has a stingy eye,

and don’t crave his delicacies,

7for as he thinks about the cost, so he is.

“Eat and drink!” he says to you,

but his heart is not with you.

8You will vomit up the morsel which you have eaten

and waste your pleasant words.

9Don’t speak in the ears of a fool,

for he will despise the wisdom of your words.

10Don’t move the ancient boundary stone.

Don’t encroach on the fields of the fatherless,

11for their Defender is strong.

He will plead their case against you.

12Apply your heart to instruction,

and your ears to the words of knowledge.

13Don’t withhold correction from a child.

If you punish him with the rod, he will not die.

14Punish him with the rod,

and save his soul from Sheol.

15My son, if your heart is wise,

then my heart will be glad, even mine.

16Yes, my heart will rejoice

when your lips speak what is right.

17Don’t let your heart envy sinners,

but rather fear Yahweh all day long.

18Indeed surely there is a future hope,

and your hope will not be cut off.

19Listen, my son, and be wise,

and keep your heart on the right path!

20Don’t be among ones drinking too much wine,

or those who gorge themselves on meat;

21for the drunkard and the glutton shall become poor;

and drowsiness clothes them in rags.

22Listen to your father who gave you life,

and don’t despise your mother when she is old.

23Buy the truth, and don’t sell it.

Get wisdom, discipline, and understanding.

24The father of the righteous has great joy.

Whoever fathers a wise child delights in him.

25Let your father and your mother be glad!

Let her who bore you rejoice!

26My son, give me your heart;

and let your eyes keep in my ways.

27For a prostitute is a deep pit;

and a wayward wife is a narrow well.

28Yes, she lies in wait like a robber,

and increases the unfaithful among men.

29Who has woe?

Who has sorrow?

Who has strife?

Who has complaints?

Who has needless bruises?

Who has bloodshot eyes?

30Those who stay long at the wine;

those who go to seek out mixed wine.

31Don’t look at the wine when it is red,

when it sparkles in the cup,

when it goes down smoothly.

32In the end, it bites like a snake,

and poisons like a viper.

33Your eyes will see strange things,

and your mind will imagine confusing things.

34Yes, you will be as he who lies down in the middle of the sea,

or as he who lies on top of the rigging:

35“They hit me, and I was not hurt!

They beat me, and I don’t feel it!

When will I wake up? I can do it again.

I will look for more.”

"Kinsman Redeemer"

"Kinsman Redeemer"

Passage Study | Ruth 4:6 | David Chung | Judah

Based on God’s covenant relationship with Israel, "goel" (translated as "kinsman-redeemer") refers to the relative who is obliged to restore the fortunes of disadvantaged family members. The goel's responsibilities included: 1) To marry his brother's widow and produce an heir (Deut 25:5-10); 2) To avenge the murder of the nearest relative (Num 35:11-28); 3) To buy back the family land that a kinsman had sold (Lev 25:25); 4) To take care of the needy members of the family (Lev 25:35); 5) To buy back a kinsman who had been sold as a slave (Lev 25:47-49). 

At the refusal of the nearest goel to redeem Elimelech's land and marry Ruth in the manner of levirate marriage, Boaz, being the next near relative (Ruth 2:20), accepted the honor and duty of goel.

The theological significance of "goel" is that as redeemer of Israel (Exod 6:6-7) the Lord is concerned about the poor, needy and oppressed (Prov 23:10-11; Ps 68:5-6; 72:2-4). The New Testament sees Jesus Christ as kinsman-redeemer for humanity (Gal 4:4-7 See also Gal 3:13-14; Heb 2:11-18). Boaz, a distant ancestor in Jesus' family line, thus serves as a foreshadow of Jesus' role for the world.