1Let every soul be in subjection to the higher authorities, for there is no authority except from God, and those who exist are ordained by God. 2Therefore he who resists the authority withstands the ordinance of God; and those who withstand will receive to themselves judgment. 3For rulers are not a terror to the good work, but to the evil. Do you desire to have no fear of the authority? Do that which is good, and you will have praise from the authority, 4for he is a servant of God to you for good. But if you do that which is evil, be afraid, for he doesn’t bear the sword in vain; for he is a servant of God, an avenger for wrath to him who does evil. 5Therefore you need to be in subjection, not only because of the wrath, but also for conscience’ sake. 6For this reason you also pay taxes, for they are servants of God’s service, continually doing this very thing. 7Therefore give everyone what you owe: if you owe taxes, pay taxes; if customs, then customs; if respect, then respect; if honor, then honor.
8Owe no one anything, except to love one another; for he who loves his neighbor has fulfilled the law. 9For the commandments, “You shall not commit adultery,” “You shall not murder,” “You shall not steal,” “You shall not covet,” and whatever other commandments there are, are all summed up in this saying, namely, “You shall love your neighbor as yourself.” 10Love doesn’t harm a neighbor. Love therefore is the fulfillment of the law.
11Do this, knowing the time, that it is already time for you to awaken out of sleep, for salvation is now nearer to us than when we first believed. 12The night is far gone, and the day is near. Let’s therefore throw off the deeds of darkness, and let’s put on the armor of light. 13Let’s walk properly, as in the day; not in reveling and drunkenness, not in sexual promiscuity and lustful acts, and not in strife and jealousy. 14But put on the Lord Jesus Christ, and make no provision for the flesh, for its lusts.
The second seal judgment removed peace and brought slaughter by the rider on a red horse.
The pattern of this judgment is the same as the first. Jesus opens the next seal and another of the four creatures commands the next player to “come.”
This time, it is a “fiery red” horse with its rider. This color of red is identical to the color of the red dragon in 12:3, who is Satan. This indicates the close connection between the two.
The rider is given authority, or “power,” to remove peace. The killing of one another describes the nature of the peace that is removed from the planet. This judgment is one of deadly conflict. This is pictured by the sword given to the rider. This sword is the Roman sword used by executioners (Rom 13:4). It is also the kind of sword Jesus used as the opposite of peace (Matt 10:34). The point is that the Antichrist’s kingdom will not be characterized by peace but by deadly conflict around the world.