1“And to the angel of the assembly in Sardis write:
“He who has the seven Spirits of God and the seven stars says these things:
“I know your works, that you have a reputation of being alive, but you are dead. 2Wake up and strengthen the things that remain, which you were about to throw away, for I have found no works of yours perfected before my God. 3Remember therefore how you have received and heard. Keep it and repent. If therefore you won’t watch, I will come as a thief, and you won’t know what hour I will come upon you. 4Nevertheless you have a few names in Sardis that didn’t defile their garments. They will walk with me in white, for they are worthy. 5He who overcomes will be arrayed in white garments, and I will in no way blot his name out of the book of life, and I will confess his name before my Father, and before his angels. 6He who has an ear, let him hear what the Spirit says to the assemblies.
7“To the angel of the assembly in Philadelphia write:
“He who is holy, he who is true, he who has the key of David, he who opens and no one can shut, and who shuts and no one opens, says these things:
8“I know your works (behold, I have set before you an open door, which no one can shut), that you have a little power, and kept my word, and didn’t deny my name. 9Behold, I make some of the synagogue of Satan, of those who say they are Jews, and they are not, but lie—behold, I will make them to come and worship before your feet, and to know that I have loved you. 10Because you kept my command to endure, I also will keep you from the hour of testing which is to come on the whole world, to test those who dwell on the earth. 11I am coming quickly! Hold firmly that which you have, so that no one takes your crown. 12He who overcomes, I will make him a pillar in the temple of my God, and he will go out from there no more. I will write on him the name of my God and the name of the city of my God, the new Jerusalem, which comes down out of heaven from my God, and my own new name. 13He who has an ear, let him hear what the Spirit says to the assemblies.
14“To the angel of the assembly in Laodicea write:
“The Amen, the Faithful and True Witness, the Beginning of God’s creation, says these things:
15“I know your works, that you are neither cold nor hot. I wish you were cold or hot. 16So, because you are lukewarm, and neither hot nor cold, I will vomit you out of my mouth. 17Because you say, ‘I am rich, and have gotten riches, and have need of nothing,’ and don’t know that you are the wretched one, miserable, poor, blind, and naked; 18I counsel you to buy from me gold refined by fire, that you may become rich; and white garments, that you may clothe yourself, and that the shame of your nakedness may not be revealed; and eye salve to anoint your eyes, that you may see. 19As many as I love, I reprove and chasten. Be zealous therefore, and repent. 20Behold, I stand at the door and knock. If anyone hears my voice and opens the door, then I will come in to him and will dine with him, and he with me. 21He who overcomes, I will give to him to sit down with me on my throne, as I also overcame and sat down with my Father on his throne. 22He who has an ear, let him hear what the Spirit says to the assemblies.”
Philadelphia was located about thirty miles southeast of Sardis. Its acropolis rests on a spur of the Tmolus range with the basin of the Cogamus River stretching below. Philadelphia was founded by the king of Pergamum, Attalus II (159–138 BC). When the Romans attempted to turn Attalus against his brother Eumenes, he remained loyal, thereby earning the nickname “Philadelphus.” The city’s name thus reflects the love between these brothers.
The city’s coins featured a Macedonian shield, suggesting that Macedonians were early settlers in Philadelphia. Because of its newness, the city had few religious traditions. An inscription from around 100 B.C. documents the presence of cultic altars in the city for at least ten gods and goddesses. Inscriptional evidence shows the city having a priest of Rome and Augustus as early as 27/26 B.C. There is no archaeological evidence for a synagogue (“of Satan”; Rev 3:9). A third century A.D. inscription found east of the city does mention a “synagogue of the Hebrews.”
The city was located in an earthquake-prone region called the Catacecaumene, the “burnt land.” Both Sardis and Philadelphia were devastated by an earthquake in A.D. 17. The only crop that would produce in the volcanic soil was grapes, and vineyards dotted the countryside (and continue to do so until today). Philadelphia received a new name twice in the first century; first after the A.D. 17 earthquake to “Neocaesarea” in gratitude for Tiberius’ generosity, second to “Flavia” after Vespasian gave financial assistance following a similar catastrophe. Philadelphia is the sixth of the seven churches addressed by John in Revelation. Ammia and Quadratus are known Christian prophets from Philadelphia in the early second century. At Polycarp’s martyrdom, eleven Christians from Philadelphia were also martyred with him.