For the Chief Musician; set to “The Doe of the Morning.” A Psalm by David.
1My God, my God, why have you forsaken me?
Why are you so far from helping me, and from the words of my groaning?
2My God, I cry in the daytime, but you don’t answer;
in the night season, and am not silent.
3But you are holy,
you who inhabit the praises of Israel.
4Our fathers trusted in you.
They trusted, and you delivered them.
5They cried to you, and were delivered.
They trusted in you, and were not disappointed.
6But I am a worm, and no man;
a reproach of men, and despised by the people.
7All those who see me mock me.
They insult me with their lips. They shake their heads, saying,
8“He trusts in Yahweh.
Let him deliver him.
Let him rescue him, since he delights in him.”
9But you brought me out of the womb.
You made me trust while at my mother’s breasts.
10I was thrown on you from my mother’s womb.
You are my God since my mother bore me.
11Don’t be far from me, for trouble is near.
For there is no one to help.
12Many bulls have surrounded me.
Strong bulls of Bashan have encircled me.
13They open their mouths wide against me,
lions tearing prey and roaring.
14I am poured out like water.
All my bones are out of joint.
My heart is like wax.
It is melted within me.
15My strength is dried up like a potsherd.
My tongue sticks to the roof of my mouth.
You have brought me into the dust of death.
16For dogs have surrounded me.
A company of evildoers have enclosed me.
They have pierced my hands and feet.
17I can count all of my bones.
They look and stare at me.
18They divide my garments among them.
They cast lots for my clothing.
19But don’t be far off, Yahweh.
You are my help. Hurry to help me!
20Deliver my soul from the sword,
my precious life from the power of the dog.
21Save me from the lion’s mouth!
Yes, you have rescued me from the horns of the wild oxen.
22I will declare your name to my brothers.
Among the assembly, I will praise you.
23You who fear Yahweh, praise him!
All you descendants of Jacob, glorify him!
Stand in awe of him, all you descendants of Israel!
24For he has not despised nor abhorred the affliction of the afflicted,
neither has he hidden his face from him;
but when he cried to him, he heard.
25My praise of you comes in the great assembly.
I will pay my vows before those who fear him.
26The humble shall eat and be satisfied.
They shall praise Yahweh who seek after him.
Let your hearts live forever.
27All the ends of the earth shall remember and turn to Yahweh.
All the relatives of the nations shall worship before you.
28For the kingdom is Yahweh’s.
He is the ruler over the nations.
29All the rich ones of the earth shall eat and worship.
All those who go down to the dust shall bow before him,
even he who can’t keep his soul alive.
30Posterity shall serve him.
Future generations shall be told about the Lord.
31They shall come and shall declare his righteousness to a people that shall be born,
for he has done it.
"Let Him be crucified!" (Matt 27:22, 23), was the repeated cry of the multitudes in answer to Pilate's question, "What then shall I do with Jesus who is called Christ?" (v. 22). But what did this method of execution involve, and what is its theological significance?
The Romans adopted and perfected the practice of crucifixion that probably originated with the Persians. Its purpose was not to produce death so much as to prolong the agony of dying. It was reserved for slaves, foreigners, revolutionaries, and those guilty of the most heinous crimes, except Roman citizens who were exempt. The victim's wrists were first nailed to a beam that was then lifted and attached to a vertical pole. His feet were nailed to the pole, and the weight of his body was supported by a peg under his crotch. Shock from the loss of blood, thirst from dehydration, exhaustion from difficulty breathing, and exposure to the elements contributed to the victim's eventual death, which was sometimes hastened by breaking the victim's legs.
The agony of death by crucifixion is described in remarkable detail in Psalms 22:12-18, hundreds of years before its use by the Romans. Jesus' crucifixion was the occasion of his piercing (Isa 53:5; Zech 12:10; John 19:37); his being made a curse for us (Deut 21:23; Gal 3:13); and his death by the shedding of blood (Lev 5:11; 17:11; Heb 9:22). That his legs were not broken is evidence that he laid down his life (John 10:15, 17), voluntarily yielding his spirit (Matt 27:50), and corresponds to a requirement for the Passover lamb (Exod 12:46; John 19:36).