1These also are proverbs of Solomon, which the men of Hezekiah king of Judah copied out.
2It is the glory of God to conceal a thing,
but the glory of kings is to search out a matter.
3As the heavens for height, and the earth for depth,
so the hearts of kings are unsearchable.
4Take away the dross from the silver,
and material comes out for the refiner.
5Take away the wicked from the king’s presence,
and his throne will be established in righteousness.
6Don’t exalt yourself in the presence of the king,
or claim a place among great men;
7for it is better that it be said to you, “Come up here,”
than that you should be put lower in the presence of the prince,
whom your eyes have seen.
8Don’t be hasty in bringing charges to court.
What will you do in the end when your neighbor shames you?
9Debate your case with your neighbor,
and don’t betray the confidence of another,
10lest one who hears it put you to shame,
and your bad reputation never depart.
11A word fitly spoken
is like apples of gold in settings of silver.
12As an earring of gold, and an ornament of fine gold,
so is a wise reprover to an obedient ear.
13As the cold of snow in the time of harvest,
so is a faithful messenger to those who send him;
for he refreshes the soul of his masters.
14As clouds and wind without rain,
so is he who boasts of gifts deceptively.
15By patience a ruler is persuaded.
A soft tongue breaks the bone.
16Have you found honey?
Eat as much as is sufficient for you,
lest you eat too much, and vomit it.
17Let your foot be seldom in your neighbor’s house,
lest he be weary of you, and hate you.
18A man who gives false testimony against his neighbor
is like a club, a sword, or a sharp arrow.
19Confidence in someone unfaithful in time of trouble
is like a bad tooth or a lame foot.
20As one who takes away a garment in cold weather,
or vinegar on soda,
so is one who sings songs to a heavy heart.
21If your enemy is hungry, give him food to eat.
If he is thirsty, give him water to drink;
22for you will heap coals of fire on his head,
and Yahweh will reward you.
23The north wind produces rain;
so a backbiting tongue brings an angry face.
24It is better to dwell in the corner of the housetop
than to share a house with a contentious woman.
25Like cold water to a thirsty soul,
so is good news from a far country.
26Like a muddied spring and a polluted well,
so is a righteous man who gives way before the wicked.
27It is not good to eat much honey,
nor is it honorable to seek one’s own honor.
28Like a city that is broken down and without walls
is a man whose spirit is without restraint.
King David's son, Solomon, was born of Bathsheba (2 Sam. 5:14). Solomon reigned in Jerusalem over all of Israel for 40 years circa 971-931 B.C.. Solomon was graciously blessed by God to become the wisest man ever to live. (1 Kings 3:1-15; Eccl. 2:9) Being the kingly son of David, Solomon also received the benefits of the Davidic Covenant. (1 Chron. 17:1-27; Psa. 89) He and his kingdom of peace (1 Kings 4:20-25) thus became a Messianic type of God's coming eschatological kingom prophesied throughout the Old Testament (Isa. 2:1-4; 11:1-10) - the very kingdom offered by Jesus to the nation of Israel in the New Testament. (Mark 1:14-15; Luke 1:29-33) Solomon also built the first Jerusalem Temple that remained until the time of the Babylonian invasion when King Nebuchadnezzar destroyed it in 586 B.C.. (1-2 Kings) Solomon became a prolific author of Scripture who wrote much of the book of Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Song of Solomon, Psalm 72, and Psalm 127. According to Jewish tradition, the final version of the book of Job may also have been put together by Solomon and/or during the time of his adminstration. Solomon's reign was internationally renowned at the time for being a most glorious kingdom so that Israel became a Messianic light to the nations. (1 Kings 10; 2 Chron. 9:22) Late in life, however, Solomon contradicted his own wisdom by disobeying the Lord. In disobedience to the Torah, Solomon multiplied horses, wives, and gold for himself. (Deut. 17:14-20; 2 Chron. 9:13-28) Worst of all, he imported idolatry into Israel through his international marriage alliances. (1 Kings 11:1-8) His secular kingdom pursuits also dulled his earlier spirituality. (Eccl. 2:1-7) Because of Solomon's disobedience, God divided the great unity achieved by King David, but waited until after his death to do so (1 Kings 11-12). After Solomon's death, Israel will be divided between the north and south, between what was called the northern kingom of Israel/Ephraim and the southern kingdom of Judah.