1Then Yahweh answered Job out of the whirlwind,
2“Who is this who darkens counsel
by words without knowledge?
3Brace yourself like a man,
for I will question you, then you answer me!
4“Where were you when I laid the foundations of the earth?
Declare, if you have understanding.
5Who determined its measures, if you know?
Or who stretched the line on it?
6What were its foundations fastened on?
Or who laid its cornerstone,
7when the morning stars sang together,
and all the sons of God shouted for joy?
8“Or who shut up the sea with doors,
when it broke out of the womb,
9when I made clouds its garment,
and wrapped it in thick darkness,
10marked out for it my bound,
set bars and doors,
11and said, ‘You may come here, but no further.
Your proud waves shall be stopped here’?
12“Have you commanded the morning in your days,
and caused the dawn to know its place,
13that it might take hold of the ends of the earth,
and shake the wicked out of it?
14It is changed as clay under the seal,
and presented as a garment.
15From the wicked, their light is withheld.
The high arm is broken.
16“Have you entered into the springs of the sea?
Or have you walked in the recesses of the deep?
17Have the gates of death been revealed to you?
Or have you seen the gates of the shadow of death?
18Have you comprehended the earth in its width?
Declare, if you know it all.
19“What is the way to the dwelling of light?
As for darkness, where is its place,
20that you should take it to its bound,
that you should discern the paths to its house?
21Surely you know, for you were born then,
and the number of your days is great!
22Have you entered the storehouses of the snow,
or have you seen the storehouses of the hail,
23which I have reserved against the time of trouble,
against the day of battle and war?
24By what way is the lightning distributed,
or the east wind scattered on the earth?
25Who has cut a channel for the flood water,
or the path for the thunderstorm,
26to cause it to rain on a land where there is no man,
on the wilderness, in which there is no man,
27to satisfy the waste and desolate ground,
to cause the tender grass to grow?
28Does the rain have a father?
Or who fathers the drops of dew?
29Whose womb did the ice come out of?
Who has given birth to the gray frost of the sky?
30The waters become hard like stone,
when the surface of the deep is frozen.
31“Can you bind the cluster of the Pleiades,
or loosen the cords of Orion?
32Can you lead the constellations out in their season?
Or can you guide the Bear with her cubs?
33Do you know the laws of the heavens?
Can you establish its dominion over the earth?
34“Can you lift up your voice to the clouds,
that abundance of waters may cover you?
35Can you send out lightnings, that they may go?
Do they report to you, ‘Here we are’?
36Who has put wisdom in the inward parts?
Or who has given understanding to the mind?
37Who can count the clouds by wisdom?
Or who can pour out the containers of the sky,
38when the dust runs into a mass,
and the clods of earth stick together?
39“Can you hunt the prey for the lioness,
or satisfy the appetite of the young lions,
40when they crouch in their dens,
and lie in wait in the thicket?
41Who provides for the raven his prey,
when his young ones cry to God,
and wander for lack of food?
"The oldest, and likely the most widely held, interpretation is that the “sons of God” are fallen angels (demons). This was the interpretation most favored in ancient Judaism and the early church (cf. 1 Pet. 3:19, 20; 2 Pet. 2:4; Jude 6). The phrase “sons of God” is clearly used elsewhere of angelic hosts in God’s heavenly court (cf. Job 1:6; 2:1; 38:7). Moreover, the narrator seems to contrast “man” and “the daughters of man” with the “sons of God” in Genesis 6:1, 2."
"This position is not without difficulties, however, the most substantial of which is the idea of fallen angels having physical relations with women. Scripture gives instances of angels engaging in human activities such as eating (Gen. 18:1, 2, 8; 19:1, 5), but surely sexual intercourse is a step beyond! Jesus makes a similar point in Matthew 22:30: “For in the resurrection they neither marry nor are given in marriage, but are like angels in heaven.” William F. Cook, Who Are the Sons of God in Genesis 6? Some of these church fathers were Justin Martyr, Eusebius, Clement of Alexandria, Origen, and Commodianus. Douglas et al. 2011, p. 1384
Most early church fathers in the first three centuries believed that the sons of God were angels who had unnatural sex with women and bore children. This perspective changed with St. Augustine of Hippo, who argued in the City of God that the sons of God were descendants of Seth.
The argument that Jesus taught that angels in heaven did not marry has no impact on the Genesis 6 passage since the angels in Gen 6, as accepted by Jude and Peter, were not unfallen angels in heaven but evil angels who were part of the fallen angels, or unfallen angels involved in human activity before the flood, who also fell. The ability to have sex and bear children appears to be a major argument against the "angel" view, but one must remember that angels in Gen 18 came in human form, along with Yahweh, ate food and drank, and had their feet washed. Moreover, in the New Testament, angels always appear in a male human form." See my article, Will We Eat and Drink in the Coming Kingdom of God? An Interpretation with Origen, Cerinthus, the Church Fathers, and the Literal Interpretation of the Scriptures on the Nature of the Millennial Kingdom.
6. And the angels who kept not their first estate but left their own habitation, he hath reserved in everlasting chains under darkness the judgment of the great day.
The strongest text that associates the sons of God in Genesis 6:1-4 is the Book of Enoch (6:11), referenced by the writer Jude in 1:6: "When the son of men had multiplied, in those days, beautiful and comely daughters were born to them. 2/ And the watchers, the sons of heaven, saw them and desired them. And they said to one another, "Come, let us choose for ourselves wives from the daughters of men, and let us beget children for ourselves."[1]
The ancients had many traditions of deities cast out from heaven. See notes on Genesis xi. 8. Jove, deceived by the goddess Ate, is represented by Homer as having cast her forth, forbidding her return to Olympus with an oath.
"From his ambrosial head, where perch'd she sat,
He snatched the fiery goddess of debate,
The dread, the irrevocable oath he swore,
The immortal seats should ne'er behold her more;
And whirl'd her headlong down, for ever driven
From bright Olympus and the starry heaven." Il 1. xix. v. 126
Jove declares that any deity who interferes in the strife between the Greeks and
Trojans—
"Far, oh far, from steep Olympus thrown,
Low in the dark Tartarean gulph shall groan,
With burning chains fixed to the brazen floors,
And lock'd by Hell's inexorable doors.''-Hom. ll, 1. xix v. v.3.
" With enduring chains
He bound Prometheus, train'd in shifting wiles,
With galling shackles fixing him aloft."-Hes. Theog. v. 521.
[1] George W. E. Nickelsburg and James C. VanderKam, 1 Enoch: A New Translation (Minneapolis: Fortress Press), p. 23.