1“Come! Let’s return to Yahweh;
for he has torn us to pieces,
and he will heal us;
he has injured us,
and he will bind up our wounds.
2After two days he will revive us.
On the third day he will raise us up,
and we will live before him.
3Let’s acknowledge Yahweh.
Let’s press on to know Yahweh.
As surely as the sun rises,
Yahweh will appear.
He will come to us like the rain,
like the spring rain that waters the earth.”
4“Ephraim, what shall I do to you?
Judah, what shall I do to you?
For your love is like a morning cloud,
and like the dew that disappears early.
5Therefore I have cut them to pieces with the prophets;
I killed them with the words of my mouth.
Your judgments are like a flash of lightning.
6For I desire mercy, and not sacrifice;
and the knowledge of God more than burnt offerings.
7But they, like Adam, have broken the covenant.
They were unfaithful to me there.
8Gilead is a city of those who work iniquity;
it is stained with blood.
9As gangs of robbers wait to ambush a man,
so the company of priests murder on the path toward Shechem,
committing shameful crimes.
10In the house of Israel I have seen a horrible thing.
There is prostitution in Ephraim.
Israel is defiled.
11“Also, Judah, there is a harvest appointed for you,
when I restore the fortunes of my people.
The genealogies of Genesis and Luke that begin or end with Adam, whether going forward or backward, demonstrate the first man was not a mythical archetype. Adam was a real historical man. He is called the original "son of God" (Luke 3:38) in the sense of being directly created by Divine Creator. (Gen. 1:26-27) Adam was physically made by God to reflect His characteristics, albeit in a finite, human form. (Gen. 9:6; 1 Cor. 11:7) Adam was originally fashioned from the dust of the ground, and graciously given the "breath of life" directly by God so that he "became a living being." (Gen. 2:7; 1 Cor 15:45) He is not only the founding father of the human race, but also fathered many children. Adam lived 930 years. His death is the first obiturary recorded in Scripture. (Gen. 5:5) While many theologians and commentators have grappled to explain how his original sin was passed on down to the entire human race, the facticity of it is undeniable. Adam's historical fall led to the fall of history itself which only a second Messianic Adam, who was also a historical Man, can resolve prophetically and/or apocalyptically. (Rom. 5:12-21; 1 Cor. 15:20-28) Sin and death are not merely metaphysical, theological, or biblical terms, but permeate all of life from any empirical point of view this side of the grave. Adam is the only man to have historically experienced paradise lost and the sudden fall of the world dominated now by sin and death.