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1In the days of Amraphel, king of Shinar; Arioch, king of Ellasar; Chedorlaomer, king of Elam; and Tidal, king of Goiim, 2they made war with Bera, king of Sodom; Birsha, king of Gomorrah; Shinab, king of Admah; Shemeber, king of Zeboiim; and the king of Bela (also called Zoar). 3All these joined together in the valley of Siddim (also called the Salt Sea). 4They served Chedorlaomer for twelve years, and in the thirteenth year they rebelled. 5In the fourteenth year Chedorlaomer and the kings who were with him came and struck the Rephaim in Ashteroth Karnaim, the Zuzim in Ham, the Emim in Shaveh Kiriathaim, 6and the Horites in their Mount Seir, to El Paran, which is by the wilderness. 7They returned, and came to En Mishpat (also called Kadesh), and struck all the country of the Amalekites, and also the Amorites, that lived in Hazazon Tamar. 8The king of Sodom, and the king of Gomorrah, the king of Admah, the king of Zeboiim, and the king of Bela (also called Zoar) went out; and they set the battle in array against them in the valley of Siddim 9against Chedorlaomer king of Elam, Tidal king of Goiim, Amraphel king of Shinar, and Arioch king of Ellasar; four kings against the five. 10Now the valley of Siddim was full of tar pits; and the kings of Sodom and Gomorrah fled, and some fell there. Those who remained fled to the hills. 11They took all the goods of Sodom and Gomorrah, and all their food, and went their way. 12They took Lot, Abram’s brother’s son, who lived in Sodom, and his goods, and departed.

13One who had escaped came and told Abram, the Hebrew. At that time, he lived by the oaks of Mamre, the Amorite, brother of Eshcol and brother of Aner. They were allies of Abram. 14When Abram heard that his relative was taken captive, he led out his three hundred eighteen trained men, born in his house, and pursued as far as Dan. 15He divided himself against them by night, he and his servants, and struck them, and pursued them to Hobah, which is on the left hand of Damascus. 16He brought back all the goods, and also brought back his relative Lot and his goods, and the women also, and the other people.

17The king of Sodom went out to meet him after his return from the slaughter of Chedorlaomer and the kings who were with him, at the valley of Shaveh (that is, the King’s Valley). 18Melchizedek king of Salem brought out bread and wine. He was priest of God Most High. 19He blessed him, and said, “Blessed be Abram of God Most High, possessor of heaven and earth. 20Blessed be God Most High, who has delivered your enemies into your hand.”

Abram gave him a tenth of all.

21The king of Sodom said to Abram, “Give me the people, and take the goods for yourself.”

22Abram said to the king of Sodom, “I have lifted up my hand to Yahweh, God Most High, possessor of heaven and earth, 23that I will not take a thread nor a sandal strap nor anything that is yours, lest you should say, ‘I have made Abram rich.’ 24I will accept nothing from you except that which the young men have eaten, and the portion of the men who went with me: Aner, Eshcol, and Mamre. Let them take their portion.”

Overlooking the Salt Sea (Dead Sea, Sea of Arabah, Eastern Sea) from Masada

Overlooking the Salt Sea (Dead Sea, Sea of Arabah, Eastern Sea) from Masada
Gen 14:3
Credit: © 2022 Hershel Wayne House

Overlooking the Salt Sea (Dead Sea, Sea of Arabah, Eastern Sea) from Masada

The photo is taken from the top of Masada, the former fortress of Herod the Great, and today a symbol of the resilience and resolution of the Jewish people in establishing again their ancient homeland and continuing today against attempts to destroy the nation of Israel.

The Salt Sea is the earliest designation of the body of water from the west of Masada (Gen 14:3; Num 34:3, 12; Deut 3:17, Josh 3:16; 12:3), and is also known as the Sea of the Arabah (Deut 3:17; 4:49; Josh 3:16; 2 Kgs 14:25) and the Eastern Sea (Ezek 47:18; Zech 14:8). The name Salt Sea is because of its high level of salt. Sea of the Arabah is due to its situation in the Arabah Valley, the Hebrew word arabah meaning wasteland. The name Eastern Sea comes from its location on the eastern boundary of Israel. The term Dead Sea relates to the fact that nothing living can survive in the sea.[1]

[1] For further discussion of the Dead Sea, consult What is the importance of the Dead Sea in the Bible?