1Paul, looking steadfastly at the council, said, “Brothers, I have lived before God in all good conscience until today.”
2The high priest, Ananias, commanded those who stood by him to strike him on the mouth.
3Then Paul said to him, “God will strike you, you whitewashed wall! Do you sit to judge me according to the law, and command me to be struck contrary to the law?”
4Those who stood by said, “Do you malign God’s high priest?”
5Paul said, “I didn’t know, brothers, that he was high priest. For it is written, ‘You shall not speak evil of a ruler of your people.’”
6But when Paul perceived that the one part were Sadducees and the other Pharisees, he cried out in the council, “Men and brothers, I am a Pharisee, a son of Pharisees. Concerning the hope and resurrection of the dead I am being judged!”
7When he had said this, an argument arose between the Pharisees and Sadducees, and the crowd was divided. 8For the Sadducees say that there is no resurrection, nor angel, nor spirit; but the Pharisees confess all of these. 9A great clamor arose, and some of the scribes of the Pharisees’ part stood up, and contended, saying, “We find no evil in this man. But if a spirit or angel has spoken to him, let’s not fight against God!”
10When a great argument arose, the commanding officer, fearing that Paul would be torn in pieces by them, commanded the soldiers to go down and take him by force from among them and bring him into the barracks.
11The following night, the Lord stood by him and said, “Cheer up, Paul, for as you have testified about me at Jerusalem, so you must testify also at Rome.”
12When it was day, some of the Jews banded together and bound themselves under a curse, saying that they would neither eat nor drink until they had killed Paul. 13There were more than forty people who had made this conspiracy. 14They came to the chief priests and the elders, and said, “We have bound ourselves under a great curse to taste nothing until we have killed Paul. 15Now therefore, you with the council inform the commanding officer that he should bring him down to you tomorrow, as though you were going to judge his case more exactly. We are ready to kill him before he comes near.”
16But Paul’s sister’s son heard they were lying in wait, and he came and entered into the barracks and told Paul. 17Paul summoned one of the centurions and said, “Bring this young man to the commanding officer, for he has something to tell him.”
18So he took him and brought him to the commanding officer and said, “Paul, the prisoner, summoned me and asked me to bring this young man to you. He has something to tell you.”
19The commanding officer took him by the hand, and going aside, asked him privately, “What is it that you have to tell me?”
20He said, “The Jews have agreed to ask you to bring Paul down to the council tomorrow, as though intending to inquire somewhat more accurately concerning him. 21Therefore don’t yield to them, for more than forty men lie in wait for him, who have bound themselves under a curse to neither eat nor drink until they have killed him. Now they are ready, looking for the promise from you.”
22So the commanding officer let the young man go, charging him, “Tell no one that you have revealed these things to me.”
23He called to himself two of the centurions, and said, “Prepare two hundred soldiers to go as far as Caesarea, with seventy horsemen and two hundred men armed with spears, at the third hour of the night.” 24He asked them to provide mounts, that they might set Paul on one, and bring him safely to Felix the governor. 25He wrote a letter like this:
26“Claudius Lysias to the most excellent governor Felix: Greetings.
27“This man was seized by the Jews, and was about to be killed by them when I came with the soldiers and rescued him, having learned that he was a Roman. 28Desiring to know the cause why they accused him, I brought him down to their council. 29I found him to be accused about questions of their law, but not to be charged with anything worthy of death or of imprisonment. 30When I was told that the Jews lay in wait for the man, I sent him to you immediately, charging his accusers also to bring their accusations against him before you. Farewell.”
31So the soldiers, carrying out their orders, took Paul and brought him by night to Antipatris. 32But on the next day they left the horsemen to go with him, and returned to the barracks. 33When they came to Caesarea and delivered the letter to the governor, they also presented Paul to him. 34When the governor had read it, he asked what province he was from. When he understood that he was from Cilicia, he said, 35“I will hear you fully when your accusers also arrive.” He commanded that he be kept in Herod’s palace.
Saul was born in Tarsus in Asia Minor. His family was of the line of Benjamin and possessed Roman citizenship (Rom 11:1, Acts 25:11) by virtue of his home city. He studied the law under the tutelage of Gamaliel (Acts 22:3) and learned the trade of tent-making, which he later used to support his ministry (Acts 18:3).
Saul enters the New Testament in a negative light by approving of the stoning of Stephen, having become a zealous Pharisee. After this event “he made havoc of the church,” arresting every Christian man and woman he could find (Acts 8:1-3). The Lord Jesus picked Saul as “a chosen vessel unto me, to bear my name before the Gentiles, and kings, and the children of Israel” (Acts 9:15).
After Saul’s conversion, his name was changed to Paul (Acts 13:9). He went on to become the author of thirteen books of the New Testament, the founder of many churches in Asia Minor and Greece, a missionary to Rome, and a witness of Christ to many rulers, including the “household of Caesar.” During this time he was imprisoned, beaten, stoned, and even shipwrecked. After being arrested in Jerusalem, he appealed to Caesar and was sent to Rome. After arriving in Rome, he was imprisoned again and put under house arrest, finally being released until he was arrested in the persecution of Nero. Tradition says he was beheaded by Nero and buried outside the walls of Rome.
In 2009 the Vatican announced that excavations carried out in the Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls had discovered a first or second-century tomb containing bone fragments, incense, and fragments of linen, which might be those of Paul.
The writings of Paul have probably influenced Christian doctrine more than any other person after Christ. His letter to the church of Rome is the first systematic presentation of theology written. Other letters include instructions for church order, familial relations, qualifications for pastors and deacons, teachings against legalism and antinomianism, and an incipient form of later Gnosticism in the second century. His letters affirm the doctrines of salvation by grace through faith and election. His life of service to the Gospel also stands as an example for all Christians.