1Now when the day of Pentecost had come, they were all with one accord in one place. 2Suddenly there came from the sky a sound like the rushing of a mighty wind, and it filled all the house where they were sitting. 3Tongues like fire appeared and were distributed to them, and one sat on each of them. 4They were all filled with the Holy Spirit and began to speak with other languages, as the Spirit gave them the ability to speak.
5Now there were dwelling in Jerusalem Jews, devout men, from every nation under the sky. 6When this sound was heard, the multitude came together and were bewildered, because everyone heard them speaking in his own language. 7They were all amazed and marveled, saying to one another, “Behold, aren’t all these who speak Galileans? 8How do we hear, everyone in our own native language? 9Parthians, Medes, Elamites, and people from Mesopotamia, Judea, Cappadocia, Pontus, Asia, 10Phrygia, Pamphylia, Egypt, the parts of Libya around Cyrene, visitors from Rome, both Jews and proselytes, 11Cretans and Arabians—we hear them speaking in our languages the mighty works of God!” 12They were all amazed and were perplexed, saying to one another, “What does this mean?” 13Others, mocking, said, “They are filled with new wine.”
14But Peter, standing up with the eleven, lifted up his voice and spoke out to them, “You men of Judea and all you who dwell at Jerusalem, let this be known to you, and listen to my words. 15For these aren’t drunken, as you suppose, seeing it is only the third hour of the day. 16But this is what has been spoken through the prophet Joel:
17‘It will be in the last days, says God,
that I will pour out my Spirit on all flesh.
Your sons and your daughters will prophesy.
Your young men will see visions.
Your old men will dream dreams.
18Yes, and on my servants and on my handmaidens in those days,
I will pour out my Spirit, and they will prophesy.
19I will show wonders in the sky above,
and signs on the earth beneath:
blood, and fire, and billows of smoke.
20The sun will be turned into darkness,
and the moon into blood,
before the great and glorious day of the Lord comes.
21It will be that whoever will call on the name of the Lord will be saved.’
22“Men of Israel, hear these words! Jesus of Nazareth, a man approved by God to you by mighty works and wonders and signs which God did by him among you, even as you yourselves know, 23him, being delivered up by the determined counsel and foreknowledge of God, you have taken by the hand of lawless men, crucified and killed; 24whom God raised up, having freed him from the agony of death, because it was not possible that he should be held by it. 25For David says concerning him,
‘I saw the Lord always before my face,
for he is on my right hand, that I should not be moved.
26Therefore my heart was glad, and my tongue rejoiced.
Moreover my flesh also will dwell in hope,
27because you will not leave my soul in Hades,
neither will you allow your Holy One to see decay.
28You made known to me the ways of life.
You will make me full of gladness with your presence.’
29“Brothers, I may tell you freely of the patriarch David, that he both died and was buried, and his tomb is with us to this day. 30Therefore, being a prophet, and knowing that God had sworn with an oath to him that of the fruit of his body, according to the flesh, he would raise up the Christ to sit on his throne, 31he foreseeing this, spoke about the resurrection of the Christ, that his soul wasn’t left in Hades, and his flesh didn’t see decay. 32This Jesus God raised up, to which we all are witnesses. 33Being therefore exalted by the right hand of God, and having received from the Father the promise of the Holy Spirit, he has poured out this which you now see and hear. 34For David didn’t ascend into the heavens, but he says himself,
‘The Lord said to my Lord, “Sit by my right hand
35until I make your enemies a footstool for your feet.”’
36“Let all the house of Israel therefore know certainly that God has made him both Lord and Christ, this Jesus whom you crucified.”
37Now when they heard this, they were cut to the heart, and said to Peter and the rest of the apostles, “Brothers, what shall we do?”
38Peter said to them, “Repent and be baptized, every one of you, in the name of Jesus Christ for the forgiveness of sins, and you will receive the gift of the Holy Spirit. 39For the promise is to you and to your children, and to all who are far off, even as many as the Lord our God will call to himself.” 40With many other words he testified and exhorted them, saying, “Save yourselves from this crooked generation!”
41Then those who gladly received his word were baptized. There were added that day about three thousand souls. 42They continued steadfastly in the apostles’ teaching and fellowship, in the breaking of bread, and prayer. 43Fear came on every soul, and many wonders and signs were done through the apostles. 44All who believed were together, and had all things in common. 45They sold their possessions and goods, and distributed them to all, according as anyone had need. 46Day by day, continuing steadfastly with one accord in the temple, and breaking bread at home, they took their food with gladness and singleness of heart, 47praising God and having favor with all the people. The Lord added to the assembly day by day those who were being saved.
Contrary to popular perspective, the 120 people who were in the Upper Room, consisting of the apostles, and various other disciples, including the mother of Jesus, and some other women, did not receive the Holy Spirit on the Day of Pentecost. Instead, the evidence is reasonably certain that only the twelve apostles received the outpouring of the Holy Spirit, in agreement with Jesus' promise at the time of His ascension.
Following are the reasons why this is most likely true:
1. Luke's ending for his Gospel (24:48-53) says these words:
"You are witnesses of these things. Behold, I send out the promise of my Father on you. But wait in the city of Jerusalem until you are clothed with power from on high.'
'He led them out as far as Bethany, and he lifted up his hands and blessed them. While he blessed them, he withdrew from them and was carried up into heaven. They worshiped him and returned to Jerusalem with great joy, and were continually in the temple, praising and blessing God. Amen."
Apparently before the Day of Pentecost, the apostles were with other disciples in the Upper Room (possibly home of Mary, mother of Jesus; see article on Upper Room). During the day, however, they were in the temple area praising and blessing God.
2. The apostles are the last referents in Acts 1, with the words "the eleven apostles." The next words are in Acts 2, "they were," grammatically referring to the "apostles."
3. Those persons of Act 2:1 were sitting in the house, which speaks not of a room for sleeping, but a place they were sitting. Sitting was for teaching, and standing would be for prayer (Acts 2:1), according to Jewish practice. See "Where Did the Holy Spirit Descend on the Day of Pentecost?" at Acts 2:1.
4. The miracle occurred in the morning, the third hour of the day (starting at 6:00 a.m.; Acts 2:15), not in the evening.
5. The apostles were able to be observed, not really possible in an upper room, on a narrow street of Jerusalem.
6. All of the persons who received the Spirit were identified as Galileans (speak accent), and this is true of the apostles.
7. In verse 14 Peter stood up with the eleven (compare Acts 1:26), and not the 120 where they were staying or sleeping (Acts 1:13). It is the twelve apostles on whose heads the tongues of fire appeared and through whom the Holy Spirit spoke.
8. The people said "to Peter and the rest of the apostles" (Acts 2:37) and not to 120 people.
9. After they heard Peter's sermon about 3,000 Jews believed in the Good News and were baptized (Acts 2:41), a task that was able to be done by the 12 apostles in the mikveh outside the southern wall a short distance from where they heard the message.
10. Following this a focus again came on the apostles who had received the Holy Spirit and from whom the Gospel had some (Acts 2:42).