1Now in the assembly that was at Antioch there were some prophets and teachers: Barnabas, Simeon who was called Niger, Lucius of Cyrene, Manaen the foster brother of Herod the tetrarch, and Saul. 2As they served the Lord and fasted, the Holy Spirit said, “Separate Barnabas and Saul for me, for the work to which I have called them.”
3Then, when they had fasted and prayed and laid their hands on them, they sent them away. 4So, being sent out by the Holy Spirit, they went down to Seleucia. From there they sailed to Cyprus. 5When they were at Salamis, they proclaimed God’s word in the Jewish synagogues. They also had John as their attendant. 6When they had gone through the island to Paphos, they found a certain sorcerer, a false prophet, a Jew whose name was Bar Jesus, 7who was with the proconsul, Sergius Paulus, a man of understanding. This man summoned Barnabas and Saul, and sought to hear the word of God. 8But Elymas the sorcerer (for so is his name by interpretation) withstood them, seeking to turn the proconsul away from the faith. 9But Saul, who is also called Paul, filled with the Holy Spirit, fastened his eyes on him 10and said, “You son of the devil, full of all deceit and all cunning, you enemy of all righteousness, will you not cease to pervert the right ways of the Lord? 11Now, behold, the hand of the Lord is on you, and you will be blind, not seeing the sun for a season!”
Immediately a mist and darkness fell on him. He went around seeking someone to lead him by the hand. 12Then the proconsul, when he saw what was done, believed, being astonished at the teaching of the Lord.
13Now Paul and his company set sail from Paphos and came to Perga in Pamphylia. John departed from them and returned to Jerusalem. 14But they, passing on from Perga, came to Antioch of Pisidia. They went into the synagogue on the Sabbath day and sat down. 15After the reading of the law and the prophets, the rulers of the synagogue sent to them, saying, “Brothers, if you have any word of exhortation for the people, speak.”
16Paul stood up, and gesturing with his hand said, “Men of Israel, and you who fear God, listen. 17The God of this people chose our fathers, and exalted the people when they stayed as aliens in the land of Egypt, and with an uplifted arm, he led them out of it. 18For a period of about forty years he put up with them in the wilderness. 19When he had destroyed seven nations in the land of Canaan, he gave them their land for an inheritance for about four hundred fifty years. 20After these things, he gave them judges until Samuel the prophet. 21Afterward they asked for a king, and God gave to them Saul the son of Kish, a man of the tribe of Benjamin, for forty years. 22When he had removed him, he raised up David to be their king, to whom he also testified, ‘I have found David the son of Jesse, a man after my heart, who will do all my will.’ 23From this man’s offspring, God has brought salvation to Israel according to his promise, 24before his coming, when John had first preached the baptism of repentance to Israel. 25As John was fulfilling his course, he said, ‘What do you suppose that I am? I am not he. But behold, one comes after me, the sandals of whose feet I am not worthy to untie.’
26“Brothers, children of the stock of Abraham, and those among you who fear God, the word of this salvation is sent out to you. 27For those who dwell in Jerusalem, and their rulers, because they didn’t know him, nor the voices of the prophets which are read every Sabbath, fulfilled them by condemning him. 28Though they found no cause for death, they still asked Pilate to have him killed. 29When they had fulfilled all things that were written about him, they took him down from the tree and laid him in a tomb. 30But God raised him from the dead, 31and he was seen for many days by those who came up with him from Galilee to Jerusalem, who are his witnesses to the people. 32We bring you good news of the promise made to the fathers, 33that God has fulfilled this to us, their children, in that he raised up Jesus. As it is also written in the second psalm,
‘You are my Son.
Today I have become your father.’
34“Concerning that he raised him up from the dead, now no more to return to corruption, he has spoken thus: ‘I will give you the holy and sure blessings of David.’ 35Therefore he says also in another psalm, ‘You will not allow your Holy One to see decay.’ 36For David, after he had in his own generation served the counsel of God, fell asleep, was laid with his fathers, and saw decay. 37But he whom God raised up saw no decay. 38Be it known to you therefore, brothers, that through this man is proclaimed to you remission of sins; 39and by him everyone who believes is justified from all things, from which you could not be justified by the law of Moses. 40Beware therefore, lest that come on you which is spoken in the prophets:
41‘Behold, you scoffers!
Wonder and perish,
for I work a work in your days,
a work which you will in no way believe, if one declares it to you.’”
42So when the Jews went out of the synagogue, the Gentiles begged that these words might be preached to them the next Sabbath. 43Now when the synagogue broke up, many of the Jews and of the devout proselytes followed Paul and Barnabas; who, speaking to them, urged them to continue in the grace of God.
44The next Sabbath, almost the whole city was gathered together to hear the word of God. 45But when the Jews saw the multitudes, they were filled with jealousy, and contradicted the things which were spoken by Paul, and blasphemed.
46Paul and Barnabas spoke out boldly, and said, “It was necessary that God’s word should be spoken to you first. Since indeed you thrust it from yourselves, and judge yourselves unworthy of eternal life, behold, we turn to the Gentiles. 47For so has the Lord commanded us, saying,
‘I have set you as a light for the Gentiles,
that you should bring salvation to the uttermost parts of the earth.’”
48As the Gentiles heard this, they were glad and glorified the word of God. As many as were appointed to eternal life believed. 49The Lord’s word was spread abroad throughout all the region. 50But the Jews stirred up the devout and prominent women and the chief men of the city, and stirred up a persecution against Paul and Barnabas, and threw them out of their borders. 51But they shook off the dust of their feet against them, and came to Iconium. 52The disciples were filled with joy and with the Holy Spirit.
The city of Paphos occurs twice in the Bible (Acts 13:6, 13). Paphos is located on the western shore of the island of Cyprus (biblical Kittim, cf. Amos 9:7). According to legend, Cinyras, the first king of Paphos, named the city after his mother. The apostle Paul, along with Barnabas and John Mark (Acts 13:2, 16) traveled “through the island” on his first missionary (Acts 12:1—14:28) to Paphos, arriving around the spring of 48 A.D. (Acts 13:1-14:28).
The Paphos to which Luke refers is actually New Paphos, which was built in the fourth century B.C. (the older city is approximately ten miles away). The seaport of the original Paphos eventually became the dominant population center, thus forming New Paphos. New Paphos was made the capital of Cyprus under the Ptolomies, and was so until the fourth century A.D. [1] The entire island of Cyprus, and with it the city of New Paphos, was annexed to Rome in 68 B.C, and became a Roman senatorial province in 22 B.C.
The worship of Aphrodite, the promiscuous Greek goddess of love, is particularly associated with the city. In Greek mythology, Aphrodite (Roman "Venus") emerges from the ocean on the beach adjacent to the original Paphos. Accordingly, Paphos became a center of Aphrodite worship, which included temple prostitution, in the ancient world.
Against the backdrop of entrenched paganism, Paphos was also the site of active Jewish synagogues at the time of Paul's arrival (cf. 1 Macc. 15:16-23; Ant. 13:284-287). Paul's powerful ministry resulted in the first assemblage of believers in Jesus the Messiah on the island. Through his standard modus operandi of missions, Paul introduced ethnic and proselyte Jews to Jesus by first preaching in the synagogues (Acts 13:15). The salient ministry of Paul resulted in polarization. Paul was resisted by "Bar-jesus" (Acts 13:6, literally Aramaic for "son of Joshua" or Jesus, a name not uncommon in the era; also known as Elymas in 13:8), a Jewish sorcerer, perhaps along the lines of Sceva (Acts 19:13-19) or the Samaritan magician Simon Magus (Acts 8:9-24). Paul's instituting temporary blindness upon the Jewish magician demonstrated that God's power is truly in Paul's Gospel (cf. Rom. 1:16).
When Paul came to Cyprus, Acts 13.6 says that he traveled “through the island” to “new” Paphos, where the Roman proconsul was stationed, which agrees with Luke’s account of Sergius Paulus summoning Paul and Barnabas. As the governor appointed by the Roman senate over Cyprus (13:7), Sergius Paulus, described as an "intelligent" man personally and officially, is in the middle of the conflict of Bar-jesus and Paul. Sergius Paulus was a wise Roman (Acts 13:7) who was open to the Gospel (Acts 13:7). He may have been the first Roman civil ruler converted to Christ.
In 2000 Italian archaeologists working at Paphos discovered the fragments of a first or second-century marble inscription that they think may refer to Paul. The fragment was found in what is believed to be a first or second century Christian church and reads, “…los …osto…” They argue the original read “Paulos Apostlos.”[2] If this is correct, it is a very early archaeological evidence of Paul’s presence on the island. Additional archaeologicalexcavations have revealed architecture dating to the Roman era, including an odeon (musical theater), an agora (marketplace or ancient open air mall), a temple, a theater, and two palatial villas (one of which may have been the Romans governor's palace).
[1] Judith Harris, “Putting Paul on the Map: Apostle’s Name found on Cyprus Inscription,” Biblical Archaeology Review, Vol 26, No. 1 (Jan/Feb 2000) 12-14. Online: http://members.bib-arch.org/publication.asp?PubID=BSBA&Volume=26&Issue=1&ArticleID=7 (accessed April 23, 2010).
[2] Jack Finegan, The Archaeology of the New Testament: The Mediterranean World of the Early () 78.